Research status on rock-breaking mechanism and performance testing methods of PDC bit cutters
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摘要: 聚晶金刚石复合片（polycrystalline diamond compact，PDC）钻头，是钻井工程中主要破岩工具之一。PDC钻头切削齿的破岩效率、耐磨性、热稳定性和抗冲击性等性能指标对PDC钻头的使用效果影响很大，相关研究在国内外备受关注。本文总结了国内外有关PDC钻头齿破岩机理和性能测试的实验装置、测试方法等代表性成果，按照PDC钻头齿与岩石相互作用的方式，相关实验主要包括5大类：PDC钻头齿直线切削实验、旋转切削实验、落锤冲击实验、PDC钻头单齿静压实验以及全尺寸PDC钻头实验；按照测试目的，又可分为PDC钻头齿的破岩机理和性能测试2大类。通过调研分析这些实验研究的优缺点，以期为PDC钻头齿的研究与优化、PDC钻头的整体个性化设计等提供参考。Abstract: Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits are one of the main rock breaking tools in drilling engineering. The performance indexes, such as rock breaking efficiency, wear resistance, thermal stability and impact resistance of PDC bit cutters, have great influence on the application effect of PDC bits. Consequently, relevant research has attracted much attention at home and abroad. This article summarizes the representative achievements of experimental devices and testing methods related to the rock breaking mechanism and performance testing of PDC bit cutters at home and abroad. Based on the interaction between PDC bit cutters and rock, the relevant experiments can be broadly categorized into five types: PDC bit cutters linear cutting experiments, rotary cutting experiments, drop hammer impact experiments, PDC bit single cutter hydrostatic experiments, and full-scale PDC bit experiments. According to the testing purpose, these experiments can be further divided into two categories: rock breaking mechanism and performance testing of PDC bit teeth. The advantages and disadvantages of these experimental studies are investigated and analyzed to provide references for research, optimization of PDC bit teeth, and the overall personalized design of PDC bits.
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图 13 PDC钻头齿脱钴深度及几何尺寸测量
Figure 13. Measurement of cobalt removal depth and geometric dimensions of PDC drill bit cutters
图 23 斧形齿的落锤冲击实验结果
Figure 23. Experimental results of drop hammer impact on axe shaped cutter
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