Supersmooth grinding technology of spindle outer circle
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摘要: 为改善精密磨削后主轴外圆柱面的表面粗糙度和圆度，提出新型立式精密研磨方法并研制立式研磨装置。文章选取立式研磨方式下气缸压力、油石粒度、主轴转速3个关键工艺参数对轴类零件加工精度的影响进行分析。基于 L9( 34 ) 正交试验设计，采用S/N响应法和 ANOVA 方差法对试验数据进行分析，得到优化的工艺参数组合，并用其对5根尺寸为ϕ50 mm × 160 mm的40Cr材质主轴外圆柱面进行研磨。结果表明：使用立式研磨法对工件外圆柱面加工3 h后，工件的平均材料去除率为7 μm/h，平均圆度误差由4.12 μm降为1.47 μm，表面粗糙度由326 nm降为41 nm。Abstract: In order to improve the surface roughness and roundness of the outer cylindrical surface of the spindle after precision grinding, a novel vertical precision grinding method was proposed, and a vertical grinding device was developed. This paper analyzes the influence of cylinder pressure, grit size, and spindle speed on the machining accuracy of shaft parts in the vertical lashing mode. Firstly, the standard L9(34) orthogonal table was designed based on the orthogonal experiment, and the experimental workpiece was processed strictly according to the experimental numbers in the orthogonal table. Then, the data of the processing results were analyzed by the S/N response method and ANOVA variance method, and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained. Finally, based on the combination of optimized process parameters, the grinding experiment was conducted on the outer cylinder surface of the spindle made of 40Cr material, with the size of 50 mm × 160 mm. The results show that the average material removal rate is 7 μm/h, the average roundness error decreases from 4.12 μm to 1.47 μm, and the surface roughness reduces from 326 nm to 41 nm.
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Key words:
- spindle parts /
- vertical grinding /
- cylindrical lapping /
- surface roughness
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图 3 某组工件的初始表面质量测量结果
Figure 3. Initial surface quality measurement results of a component
图 4 工件表面粗糙度和圆度测量
Figure 4. Measurement of surface roughness and roundness of workpieces
图 5 材料去除率、表面粗糙度、圆度随着气缸压力的变化柱状图（S/N平均响应）
Figure 5. Bar chart of material removal rate, surface roughness and roundness with cylinder pressure (S/N mean response)
图 6 材料去除率、表面粗糙度、圆度随着磨粒粒度变化的柱状图（S/N平均响应）
Figure 6. Bar chart of material removal rate, surface roughness and roundness with grain size (S/N mean response)
图 7 材料去除率、表面粗糙度、圆度随着主轴转速变化的柱状图（S/N平均响应）
Figure 7. Bar chart of material removal rate, surface roughness and roundness with spindle speed (S/N mean response)
图 10 研磨前后工件平均圆度对比
Figure 10. Comparison of average roundness of workpiece before and after polishing
图 13 研磨前后工件平均表面粗糙度对比
Figure 13. Comparison of average surface roughness of workpiece before and after polishing
图 14 研磨前后工件的宏观表面质量对比
Figure 14. Comparison of macroscopic surface quality of workpiece before and after polishing
表 1 正交试验表
Table 1. Orthogonal experiment table
试验序号因素 A
气缸压力
p / MPaB
磨粒粒度
l / μmC
主轴转速
V / (r·min−1)1 0.03 3.5 300 2 0.03 5.0 500 3 0.03 7.0 800 4 0.05 3.5 800 5 0.05 5.0 500 6 0.05 7.0 300 7 0.07 3.5 500 8 0.07 5.0 300 9 0.07 7.0 800 
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表 2 优化的工艺参数组合
Table 2. Optimized process parameter combination
工艺参数 类型或取值 工件材料 40Cr合金钢 工件尺寸 ϕ50 mm × 160 mm 磨粒粒度 l / μm 3.5 冷却液 纯净水 气体静压主轴压力 p1 / MPa 0.40 上顶尖压力 p2 / MPa 0.20 气缸压力 p3 / MPa 0.05 轴向进给速度 vf / (mm·min−1) 1 000 主轴转速 V / (r·min−1) 500 加工时间 t / h 3
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