Abstract: In view of the shortcomings of large spark and dust pollution in the grinding of rail with resin grinding wheel, a single layer brazed diamond grinding wheel used for rail grinding is designed and made. Through the grinding test, the comprehensive performance of the brazed diamond grinding wheel grinding rail is evaluated. Experimental results show that in the stable grinding stage, the grinding efficiency, grinding current and grinding spark of the diamond grinding wheel are better than that of the resin grinding wheel; the surface roughness of the workpiece after grinding by diamond grinding wheel is good, and the wear debris has no thermal deformation; the main reason of the failure of the diamond grinding wheel is the adhesion of the debris, and the abrasive particles have not been obviously worn out when they fail.