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金刚石磨粒工具增材制造技术现状及展望

王建宇 黄国钦

王建宇, 黄国钦. 金刚石磨粒工具增材制造技术现状及展望[J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2022, 42(3): 307-316. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0007
引用本文: 王建宇, 黄国钦. 金刚石磨粒工具增材制造技术现状及展望[J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2022, 42(3): 307-316. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0007
WANG Jianyu, HUANG Guoqin. Review on manufacturing diamond abrasive tools by additive manufacturing technology[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2022, 42(3): 307-316. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0007
Citation: WANG Jianyu, HUANG Guoqin. Review on manufacturing diamond abrasive tools by additive manufacturing technology[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2022, 42(3): 307-316. doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0007

金刚石磨粒工具增材制造技术现状及展望

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0007
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB3701803);国家自然科学基金(51975221)。
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    黄国钦,男,1981年生,博士、教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向:超硬磨料工具、高效精密加工、智能制造与装备。E-mail: smarthgq@hqu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TG74;TG66

Review on manufacturing diamond abrasive tools by additive manufacturing technology

  • 摘要: 金刚石磨粒工具是工程陶瓷、玻璃、半导体等硬脆材料高效精密加工的重要手段。日益提升的零件制造质量、成型要求和加工效率给金刚石磨粒工具带来了巨大挑战,工具结构改进已成为应对这一挑战的关键,但却给工具制造带来了难题。近年来,增材制造技术因其优异的复杂结构成型能力而备受关注。采用增材制造技术进行金刚石磨粒工具制备也已被业界视为解决复杂结构磨具高效成型的潜在手段并成为研究热点。立足于目前已有的相关研究报道,以光固化成型技术(SLA)、选择性激光烧结技术(SLS)、激光选区熔化技术(SLM)为主,总结现有增材制造技术在金刚石磨粒工具制备方面的研究进展,分析其在制造工艺上的不同特点,并对未来利用该类技术制备金刚石磨粒工具进行展望与建议。

     

  • 图  1  复杂结构金刚石磨粒工具[3-5]

    Figure  1.  Complex structure diamond abrasive tool[3-5]

    图  2  技术流程图

    Figure  2.  Technical flow chart

    图  3  SLA打印原理图

    Figure  3.  SLA printing schematic

    图  4  SLS打印原理图

    Figure  4.  SLS printing schematic

    图  5  SLM打印原理图

    Figure  5.  SLM printing schematic

    图  6  紫外光固化树脂黏结剂磨具固化工艺[37-38]

    Figure  6.  UV curing resin bond abrasive tool curing process[37-38]

    图  7  具有3D可控磨料排布的砂轮[39-40]

    Figure  7.  Grinding wheel with 3D controllable abrasive arrangement[39-40]

    图  8  磨粒分布规则的金刚石磨粒工具制造工艺[42]

    Figure  8.  Manufacturing process diagram of diamond abrasive tool with regular abrasive particle distribution[42]

    图  9  金刚石砂轮局部形态图[42]

    Figure  9.  Partial shape diagram of diamond grinding wheel[42]

    图  10  网格状金刚石钻头工具[43-44]

    Figure  10.  Grid diamond bit tool[43-44]

    图  11  3D打印树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮[45]

    Figure  11.  3D printing resin bond diamond grinding wheel[45]

    图  12  SLM块状试样[50-52]

    Figure  12.  SLM block sample[50-52]

    图  13  SLM工具制备及磨削试验平台[53-57]

    Figure  13.  SLM tool preparation and grinding experiment platform[53-57]

    表  1  增材制造方法及优缺点[20]

    Table  1.   Additive manufacturing methods and their advantages and disadvantages[20]

    成型原理出料方式基本材料优点缺点
    熔融沉积成型
    (FDM)
    挤压 热塑性材料、共晶系统金属材料、
    可食用材料等
    技术成熟,成本低,可实现
    彩色打印
    精度较低,产品具有台阶效应
    立体光固化成型(SLA) 光聚合 光硬化树脂 精度高,表面质量好,原材料
    可重复利用
    成型材料少,成本高,固化过程易收缩形变
    数字光处理成型(DLP) 层压 光硬化树脂 速度快,精度高,表面质量好,
    原材料可重复利用
    成型材料少,成本高,固化过程易收缩形变
    分层实体制造
    (LOM)
    粉末 纸、金属薄膜、塑料和复合材
    料等
    成型快,机械设备寿命长 前处理和后处理复杂,表面质量差,不耐高温等
    喷墨黏粉式
    (PP)
    陶瓷、石膏等 成型快,无需支撑材料,可
    全彩打印
    实体强度低,精细度差等
    激光选区熔化(SLM) 热塑性塑料、金属粉末、陶瓷
    粉末等
    成型速度快,不需要黏结剂,
    成型结构复杂
    力学性能差,表面精度差
    选择性激光烧结(SLS) 热塑性塑料、金属粉末、陶瓷
    粉末等
    成型速度快,成型结构复杂 力学性能差,表面精度差
    直接激光烧结(DMLS) 几乎任何合金 可成型大尺寸实体 结构简单
    电子束选区熔融成型(EBM) 钛合金 成型结构复杂,性能优良 环境要求高,尺寸有限
    电子束自有成型(EBF) 线 几乎任何合金 成型快,性能优良,范围广 环境要求高,精度低
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-02-13
  • 修回日期:  2022-03-28
  • 录用日期:  2022-04-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-04-15
  • 刊出日期:  2022-07-13

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