生物组织磨削加工研究

吴茂忠; 王成勇; 郑李娟; 陈志桦; 刘志华

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2021.0123

生物组织磨削加工研究

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2021.0123

广东工业大学机电工程学院, 广州 510000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51735003）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52175386）；国家自然科学基金青年基金（52105435）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴茂忠，男，1994年生，博士研究生。主要研究方向：医疗器械设计制造。 E-mail: 546903844@qq.com

通讯作者:
王成勇，男，1964年生，教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向：难加工材料的高速高效精密超精密加工理论、工艺、刀具与装备技术。E-mail: 112050772@qq.com

中图分类号: TG58; TG71; R608
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-01
- 修回日期: 2022-01-20
- 录用日期: 2022-01-31
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-27

Research on grinding of biological tissue

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China

摘要

摘要: 生物组织的磨削加工本质上是通过细小磨粒对软硬组织进行少量多次去除，保证操作的精细度和安全性。磨削加工是一种能量密集型的加工方式，加工过程中会产生较高的磨削热和磨削力并直接作用于人体，有可能造成周围组织损伤，影响手术效果。介绍了骨组织磨削、皮肤磨削、齿科磨削和血管钙化组织磨削等生物组织的固结磨料加工的研究情况，并提出后期研究主要方向。
- 生物组织 /
- 磨削加工 /
- 磨削热 /
- 磨削力
Abstract: Grinding of biological tissue is essentially using fine abrasive grains to remove soft and hard tissues in a small amount and multiple times to ensure the precision and safety of the operation. However, as an energy-intensive processing method, grinding may produce excessive heat and force during processing, which will directly act on the human body, causing damages to surrounding tissues and affecting the effect of surgery. This paper introduces the research of consolidation abrasive processing of biological tissues such as bone tissue grinding, skin grinding, dental grinding and vascular calcification tissue grinding. In the end, main directions for further developing are put forward.
- biological tissue /
- grinding /
- grinding heat /
- grinding force

HTML全文

图 1 神经外科骨磨冷却对比试验

Figure 1. Comparative experiment of bone grinding cooling in neurosurgery

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图 2 纳米粒子实现摩擦面自我修复

Figure 2. Nanoparticles realize self-healing of friction surfaces

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图 3 经皮椎间孔镜结合镜下磨钻治疗复杂退变性腰椎间盘突出症

Figure 3. Treatment of complex degenerative lumbar disc herniation with percutaneous foraminoscopy combined with endoscopic grinding

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图 4 下颌骨和下颌角

Figure 4. Mandible and mandibular angle

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图 5 外眦区磨皮

Figure 5. Epicanthal dermabrasion

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图 6 外眦区磨皮术前和术后的对比

Figure 6. Comparison of the effect of microdermabrasion in the lateral canthal area before and after surgery

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图 7 微晶磨皮术

Figure 7. Microdermabrasion

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图 8 氧化铝微晶体SEM

Figure 8. SEM image of alumina microcrystals

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图 9 高速气涡轮手机

Figure 9. High-speed air driven handpieces

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图 10 牙齿剖面结构图

Figure 10. Section structure of teeth

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图 11 牙釉质磨削表层损伤

Figure 11. Surface damage of enamel grinding

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图 12 有无超声振动辅助磨削表面结构对比

Figure 12. Comparison of surface structure with and without ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding

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图 13 血管钙化组织及其形成过程

Figure 13. Vascular calcified tissue and its formation process

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图 14 血管钙化组织旋磨术

Figure 14. Rotational atherectomy for vascular calcification

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图 15 RA旋磨系统

Figure 15. RA grinding system

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图 16 OA旋磨系统

Figure 16. OA grinding system

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图 17 同心安装的旋磨头结构

Figure 17. Concentric mounted rotary grinding head structure

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图 18 偏心安装的旋磨头结构

Figure 18. Eccentrically mounted rotary grinding head structure

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图 19 差异性切割原理

Figure 19. Differential cutting principle

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表 1 生物组织的磨削加工

Table 1. Grinding in medical operation

骨组织磨削	皮肤磨削	牙科磨削	血管钙化组织磨削


金刚石线锯、磨钻	金刚石磨头	金刚石车针	血管钙化组织旋磨头

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表 2 医疗手术磨削加工当前研究总结和未来研究方向

Table 2. Summary of current research and future research directions in medical surgical grinding

当前研究情况				未来研究方向
磨削类型		研究类别	研究重点	未来研究方向
骨组织磨削	神经外科骨磨	磨削温度预测	●逆传热方法和有限元热模型 ●骨的热导率、骨的热通量	➢提高磨削质量 ●磨削机制研究 ●磨削参数优化 ●新的磨削方法 ●引入冷却方法 ●考虑材料影响 ●创新磨削系统 ➢提高磨削效率 ●系统磨削效率研究 ●磨削参数优化 ●磨削刀具设计 ●磨削过程监控 ➢提高手术恢复率 ●磨削损伤研究 ●磨削机制研究 ●磨削参数优化 ●新的磨削方法 ●引入冷却方法 ●考虑材料影响
		磨削产热及温度变化	●磨削参数对磨削热的影响 ●磨削产热和传递 ●磨削过程温度变化 ●磨削热造成的神经坏死
		降低磨削温度	●冷却剂冷却（盐水冷却、低温喷雾、纳米粒子射流喷雾） ●能场辅助（超声振动辅助） ●研制新型磨削工具（微结构、涂层）
	脊柱骨磨削	磨削方式和安全性	●手术中的磨削方式（由浅入深、逐层进行） ●降低磨削热，减少对神经根的损伤（水冷却） ●结合各种内镜技术治疗复杂的脊柱疾病
	下颌角磨削	安全性和有效性	●下颌角肥大矫正手术中的安全性和有效性
皮肤磨削		传统磨皮	●磨皮在皮肤治疗中的有效性 ●针对不同皮肤病（皱纹、痤疮、疤痕等）磨削工具的选择 ●如何减少并发症的发生 ●磨皮对特定药物经皮给药的有效性
皮肤磨削		微晶磨皮
齿科磨削		牙体磨削	●磨削过程的磨削力和振动 ●磨削热产生、传递和对周围神经的损伤 ●磨削参数对表面质量的影响 ●磨削表面裂纹的产生
齿科磨削		修复体磨削	●材料内部热应力的产生和裂纹的扩展 ●温度变化诱发的相变行为 ●修复体磨削去除机理（脆性断裂和塑性去除）
血管钙化组织磨削		磨削热	●磨削参数对磨削热的影响 ●磨削热的产生以及潜在的热损伤 ●有效降低磨削热的方法（生理盐水冷却、磨削参数）
		磨削力	●磨削参数对磨削力的影响 ●磨头的运动和磨削力导致的并发症 ●有效降低磨削力的方法（磨头结构、磨削方式和磨削参数）
		磨屑	●磨屑的成屑机理 ●磨削参数对磨屑大小和形状的影响 ●磨屑在血管壁上的聚集
		磨削损伤	●磨削对周围血管和血液中细胞造成的损伤

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